Tag Archives: Bio-Chemical Threat

Concerning knowledge of threats to human life such as viruses, bacteria, dangerous chemicals that could be uses in warfare, and the equipment used for protecting yourself from them.

Deadly Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a deadly disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii.  It is primarily transmitted from infected ticks to people through a bite injury, and has a habitat range spanning both North and South America.  It has gone by the name Black Measles due to the appearance of the resulting rash.

Symptoms:

  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Muscle pain
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Loss of appetite
  • A rash sometimes develops after the first few days on infection, but not always

Treatment for RMSF consists of antibiotics as soon as possible.  Hospitalization is often necessary.   Read more »

Deadly Sea Critters: The Sea Wasp Jellyfish

The sea wasp, or Chironex fleckeri, is one of several box jellyfish and possibly the most toxic, having been described as “the most lethal jellyfish in the world”.  The sea wasp is also the largest of the box jellyfish species.  It lives in the waters of North Australia all the way up to the coastal waters of the Philippines.

The venom of the sea wasp has been known to kill in as little as three minutes.  The sting is extremely painful, and in addition provides a triple threat to your body by attacking your skin, heart, and nervous system.

First aid for a sea wasp sting:  First the victim must be taken out of the water in order to provide first aid.  The area of the sting should be washed in vinegar, which will deactivate the venom.  Emergency medical services should be contacted for treatment as soon as possible.  While not all box jellyfish stings are typically fatal, the sea wasp’s sting is particularly dangerous and should be treated as such.

Disclaimer: The information in this post is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, emergency treatment or formal first-aid training.  If you find yourself in a life-threatening/emergency medical situation, you should seek medical attention immediately.

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First Aid for a Bee Sting

When treating a bee sting injury:

  1. Remove the stinger as quickly as possible, delaying will only cause more venom to be released into the injury.
  2. Apply ice or a cold compress to the injury in order to reduce swelling and pain.
  3. If the bee sting sufferer is known to be allergic to bee stings or you suspect he or she is having an allergic reaction, seek emergency medical care as soon as possible.
  4. If the sufferer is known to have an allergy and he or she has an EpiPen handy in order to deal with such a situation, you can help administer the treatment.  An epinephrine autoinjector, or EpiPen, contains epinephrine, which helps treat or prevent anaphylactic shock.

Try not to scratch the sting as this can make the problem worse.  The sting will likely be painful for up to a few hours after the sting for most people.  Doctors often recommend a tetanus shot after being stung by a bee.

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Dangerous Insects: Bees

Most folks are familiar with bees early from their childhood in the form of honey bees or bumble bees.  They come in a large number of species on several continents.  Hornets and wasps tend to have sleeker bodies and lack fuzz, compared to bees which look like little yellow and red poof-balls.  Most bees, like honeybees) live in colonies.

Even honeybees can deliver a painful sting to a perceived threat, but unlike other insect species, a bee can usually only sting an opponent once before the stinger and venom gland rips out of the insects body, lodged in the opponent.  At this point the bee dies and releases a chemical message alerting other bees in the area of the threat.

Save for those who have a severe allergic reaction to bee stings, a singular bee sting is painful but often not serious.  Bees are generally less aggressive than hornets or wasps, with the exception of the dreaded and much-hyped killer bee species, which is a hybrid of different honey bees that happen to be much more aggressive than your typical bee.  A singular killer bee sting likewise won’t kill you, but killer bees are known to follow perceived threats over longer distances more aggressively in order to kill the threat, thus making them more dangerous than traditional honey bees.

Avoiding a run-in with any bees is a good idea for protecting yourself. Be aware of the various fruits and flowers prefer to collect pollen to stay away from them.

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Dangerous Insects: Hornets

Hornets have stingers which they use to both kill prey and defend their nests. These stings can be very painful to humans, significantly more than a bee sting.  Unlike bees, hornets can sting repeatedly; making them that much more unpleasant to deal with. Hornets are provided this benefit because their stingers are not barbed, such as those of bees.

A single hornet sting is not fatal, with the exception of anyone with an allergic reaction to the sting.  Multiple stings from non-European hornets can be fatal.  The stings of the Asian giant hornet is very poisonous and can even be fatal to those who are not allergic.

Image by William Warby

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Dangerous Sea Critters: The Stonefish

The stonefish is native to the waters of Australia.  It has been called the most poisonous fish on the planet.  They tend to blend into their surroundings, and the usual way that a person is stung by a stonefish is by stepping on it.  Less frequently, someone is stung when picking a stonefish up with his or her hands.  It has toxic venom in its spines.  Stonefish can stay out of water for as long as a day.

A stonefish sting can be fatal and requires immediate medical attention.  An antivenom has been developed for the treatment of stonefish poisoning.

Featured Photo by walknboston
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Dangerous Arachnids: The Brazilian Wandering Spider

The Brazilian wandering spider (of the spider family Ctenidae) is considered particularly venomous, and was given the title of worlds most poisonous spider in 2012.  Their venom causes muscular paralysis and respiratory/cardiac arrest, which leads to death.  Also, the venom causes extreme pain and inflammation. Another odd and well-documented side effect of the venom is it’s tendency to give men very strong and involuntary erections.

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Dangerous Reptiles: The Komodo Dragon

The huge Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is the largest living lizard in the world and can grow up to just under 10 feet/3 meters in length.  It is an extremely dangerous animal. They are happy to eat a person, or a freshly dug up corpse of a buried person. They’re tough creatures, they completely dominate their ecosystem among the Indonesia islands of Komodo, Flores, Rinca, Gili Motang and Gili Dasami.

These suckers can weigh as much as 350 pounds, and their saliva is so virulent that the bite wound won’t heal  regularly and the victim will most likely die in a matter of days due to infection of the wound.  They consume both live prey and and carrion, sometimes creatures killed frome earlier skirmishes.

Even a minor bite injury can be deadly, there are more than 50 strains of deadly bacteria in the mouth of the Komodo Dragon.  Komodo dragons both hunt and ambush prey, either alone or in groups.  Still, they mostly eat carrion.  In addition to this deadly bacteria, the komodo dragon actually injects venom with its bite.

Featured Photo by Adhi Rachdian

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Animals to Generally Avoid: The Blue-Ringed Octopus

The habitat of the blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena species) lies in tidal pools and the open waters of the Pacific Ocean from Australia to Japan. They possess a toxic venom, created for them by a bacteria that lives in a symbiotic relationship with he octopi.  The blue-ringed octopuses still have a degree of control over the amount of poison administered to a target.  Interestingly, they actually have two types of venom, one used in self defense and one used in predation.

Although they aren’t terribly large (ranging from 12 to 20 cm/5 to 8 inches), but their venom is potent enough to kill people.  At this point in time, there is no developed blue-ring octopus anti-venom in production.  This combination of toxins leads to motor paralysis, respiratory and cardiac arrest.

Once someone has been sting by a blue-ro9nged octopus, you should commence first aid by applying pressure on the wound and administering artificial respiration once paralysis kicks in.  This must be maintained for the duration of the paralysis or the person will die.  This can be a daunting task for one person to maintain over a long period of time, and you should seek professional medical help as soon as possible.

Featured Photo by Stephen Childs

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Dangerous Insects: Asp Caterpillar

The moths species Megalopyge opercularis goes by the common name southern flannel moth, pussy moth, and others.  In it’s larval caterpillar stage (when it frequently goes by the name Asp Caterpillar), it is covered in furry spines that contain venom.  This venom is very painful for people to come into contact with.  Symptoms of coming into contact with this venom can include but are not limited to:

  • Extreme pain
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Burning/swelling, sometimes only at the area of exposure but sometimes radiating up an exposed limb or outward from the area of contact
  • Difficulty breathing

The asp caterpillar lives in parts of North America, specifically in the southern U.S. and Mexico.  Every year, a couple hundred people are poisoned by the asp caterpillar.  Once poisoned, it is recommended that the victim seek treatment within the next few hours.  You can remove any embedded spines by putting tape on the area of contact and pulling it off, removing the spines with the tape.  If you are poisoned by an asp caterpillar, seek out professional medical attention. Read more »